Question 1

Heroin causes similar,but much stronger effects to the nervous system as endogenous opioids.Heroin's mechanism of action might be that it acts as an:

Accepted Answer

A)  agonist to serotonin receptors.
B)  agonist to the endogenous opioid receptors.
C)  agonist to glycine receptors.
D)  agonist to epinephrine receptors.
E)  Any of these are possibleF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

Procaine (Novocain) is a drug that blocks voltage-gated Na⁺ channels.  When present,what would happen in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Graded potentials are possible,but the neuron will not have the depolarizing phase of the action potential.
B)  Neither graded potentials nor action potentials will occur.
C)  Graded potentials are possible and the neuron will have the depolarizing phase of the action potential,but will be unable to repolarize.
D)  No phase of the action potential will be affected.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Because so many Na⁺ ions move into a cell during an action potential and so many K⁺ ions move out,no further action potentials can be generated in a given membrane until the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase pumps can restore the concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding neurotransmitters is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine is broken down by enzymes present on postsynaptic cell membranes.
B)  Acetylcholine that is released at synapses binds to adrenergic receptors in the postsynaptic cell membrane.
C)  Catecholamines are the most abundant neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
D)  Opiate drugs,such as morphine,are antagonists of a class of neurotransmitters called endorphins.
E)  Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  is a major excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

How is the strength of a stimulus encoded by neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  By the size of action potentials
B)  By the frequency of action potentials
C)  By the duration of action potentials
D)  By whether the action potential peak is positive or negativeE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Which is FALSE about neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  A given neuron can be either a presynaptic neuron or a postsynaptic neuron.
B)  An individual  neuron can receive information from multiple other neurons.
C)  An individual neuron can transmit information to multiple other neurons.
D)  A neuron can simultaneously release more than one type of neurotransmitter.
E)  A neuron receives information on its axons and delivers it to other neurons through its dendrites.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Some viruses can hide from the immune system by retrograde transport from axonal terminals in the skin to the cell body of a neuron.  Which of the following might be an effective preventative therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  A kinesin inhibitor
B)  A dynein inhibitor
C)  Actin polymerization inhibitor
D)  Myosin inhibitor
E)  None of these would prevent this type of infectionF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

A postsynaptic neuron has three presynaptic inputs-from neurons X,Y,and Z.Stimulation of neuron X causes the postsynaptic neuron to depolarize by 0.5 mV. When X and Y are stimulated simultaneously,the postsynaptic neuron depolarizes by 1 mV. When X and Z are stimulated simultaneously,however,there is no change in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron.What is most likely true about presynaptic neurons Y and Z?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are both excitatory.
B)  They are both inhibitory.
C)  Y is excitatory and Z is inhibitory.
D)  Z is excitatory and Y is inhibitory.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

Drug Z is an agonist for a neurotransmitter receptor.  It has a much higher affinity for the receptor and binds four times longer than the endogenous neurotransmitter.  If you compare drug Z with the endogenous neurotransmitter,it's likely that drug Z will cause more frequent action potentials than the endogenous ligand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is/are functions of the human nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receiving,storing,and processing information regarding the internal and external environments
B)  Bringing about changes in physiology and/or behavior to promote homeostasis
C)  Filtering the blood
D)  Coordination of movement
E)  Secreting plasma proteinsF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Most of the parasympathetic ganglia lie in chains along the spinal cord called sympathetic trunks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A patient has been experiencing difficulty with homeostatic regulation.  An MRI scan reveals a brain tumor.Which brain region is the tumor likely in?

Accepted Answer

A)  The thalamus
B)  The hippocampus
C)  The cerebrum
D)  The cerebellum
E)  The hypothalamusF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 13

The action potential elicited by a supra-threshold stimulus is larger than one elicited by a threshold stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 14

Which is most directly responsible for the falling (repolarizing) phase of the action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels are opened.
B)  The Na⁺,K⁺ pump restores the ions to their original locations inside and outside of the cell.
C)  The permeability to Na⁺ increases greatly.
D)  ATPase destroys the energy supply that was maintaining the action potential at its peak.
E)  The permeability to K⁺ increases greatly while that to Na⁺ decreases.F) None of the above
G) B) and D) E

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning the permeability of a typical neuron membrane at rest is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The permeability to Na⁺ is much greater than the permeability to K⁺.
B)  All of the K⁺ channels in the membrane are open.
C)  The voltage-gated Na⁺ channels are in the inactivated state.
D)  Most of the voltage-gated Na⁺ channels are in the closed state.
E)  There is equal permeability to Na⁺ and K⁺.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

"Dual innervation of effectors" refers to the innervation of the same effector organs by somatic and autonomic nerves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Synthesis of neuropeptides differs from that of other neurotransmitters because it

Accepted Answer

A)  takes place in the axon terminals of neurons.
B)  takes place in the cell bodies of neurons.
C)  takes place on ribosomes in the postsynaptic cell's membrane.
D)  uses amino acids as precursor molecules.
E)  only takes place at synapses outside the central nervous system.F) All of the above
G) A) and E) B

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of glial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They form the myelin for axons.
B)  They are outnumbered 10 to 1 by neurons in the nervous system.
C)  They deliver fuel molecules to neurons and remove the waste products of metabolism.
D)  They are important for the growth and development of the nervous system.
E)  They regulate the composition of the extracellular fluid in the CNS.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following enzymes is important for the metabolism of catecholamines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tyrosine hydroxylase
B)  Acetylcholinesterase
C)  Superoxide dismutase
D)  Trypsin
E)  Adenylyl cyclaseF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

Because all parts of a neuronal cell body have the same threshold,no one synapse on the cell is more important than any other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Heroin causes similar,but much stronger effects to the nervous system as endogenous opioids.Heroin's mechanism of action might be that it acts as an:

Correct Answer
verified

Procaine (Novocain) is a drug that blocks voltage-gated Na⁺ channels. When present,what would happen in a neuron?

Correct Answer
verified

Because so many Na⁺ ions move into a cell during an action potential and so many K⁺ ions move out,no further action potentials can be generated in a given membrane until the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase pumps can restore the concentration gradient.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding neurotransmitters is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

How is the strength of a stimulus encoded by neurons?

Correct Answer
verified

Which is FALSE about neurons?

Correct Answer
verified

Some viruses can hide from the immune system by retrograde transport from axonal terminals in the skin to the cell body of a neuron. Which of the following might be an effective preventative therapy?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is/are functions of the human nervous system?

Correct Answer
verified

Most of the parasympathetic ganglia lie in chains along the spinal cord called sympathetic trunks.

Correct Answer
verified

A patient has been experiencing difficulty with homeostatic regulation. An MRI scan reveals a brain tumor.Which brain region is the tumor likely in?

Correct Answer
verified

The action potential elicited by a supra-threshold stimulus is larger than one elicited by a threshold stimulus.

Correct Answer
verified
False

Which is most directly responsible for the falling (repolarizing) phase of the action potential?

Correct Answer
verified
E

Which of the following statements concerning the permeability of a typical neuron membrane at rest is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

"Dual innervation of effectors" refers to the innervation of the same effector organs by somatic and autonomic nerves.

Correct Answer
verified

Synthesis of neuropeptides differs from that of other neurotransmitters because it

Correct Answer
verified
B

Which of the following is NOT true of glial cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following enzymes is important for the metabolism of catecholamines?

Correct Answer
verified

Because all parts of a neuronal cell body have the same threshold,no one synapse on the cell is more important than any other.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Heroin causes similar,but much stronger effects to the nervous system as endogenous opioids.Heroin's mechanism of action might be that it acts as an:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Procaine (Novocain) is a drug that blocks voltage-gated Na⁺ channels. When present,what would happen in a neuron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because so many Na⁺ ions move into a cell during an action potential and so many K⁺ ions move out,no further action potentials can be generated in a given membrane until the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase pumps can restore the concentration gradient.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding neurotransmitters is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is the strength of a stimulus encoded by neurons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is FALSE about neurons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some viruses can hide from the immune system by retrograde transport from axonal terminals in the skin to the cell body of a neuron. Which of the following might be an effective preventative therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is/are functions of the human nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the parasympathetic ganglia lie in chains along the spinal cord called sympathetic trunks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has been experiencing difficulty with homeostatic regulation. An MRI scan reveals a brain tumor.Which brain region is the tumor likely in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The action potential elicited by a supra-threshold stimulus is larger than one elicited by a threshold stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Which is most directly responsible for the falling (repolarizing) phase of the action potential?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Which of the following statements concerning the permeability of a typical neuron membrane at rest is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Dual innervation of effectors" refers to the innervation of the same effector organs by somatic and autonomic nerves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Synthesis of neuropeptides differs from that of other neurotransmitters because it

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is NOT true of glial cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes is important for the metabolism of catecholamines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because all parts of a neuronal cell body have the same threshold,no one synapse on the cell is more important than any other.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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False

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E

Correct Answer
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B

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