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Men with undescended testicles are at increased risk for testicular cancer.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is responsible for most cancers?


A) Hereditary factors and pollution
B) Smoking, eating habits, and lack of exercise
C) Pollution, environmental toxins, and genetics
D) Ultraviolet radiation, smoking, and household cleaners

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A melanoma is most likely to occur:


A) on the face or neck.
B) on a pre-existing mole.
C) only on areas that have been sunburned.
D) near a patch of fair skin.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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What is metastasis? Describe.

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Metastasis, the spreading of cancer cell...

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John leads a sedentary lifestyle. Which of the following is NOT considered an ideal strategy to reduce cancer risk for John?


A) Avoid tobacco
B) Regular physical activity
C) Reduce fruit intake, but increase vegetable intake
D) Avoid exposure to sun

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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How does exercise help to reduce the risk of some cancers?


A) It helps to prevent obesity.
B) It helps control blood pressure.
C) It increases white blood cell production.
D) It helps red blood cell production.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which one of the following environmental factors is responsible for the greatest percentage of cancer risks?


A) Nitrates
B) X-rays
C) Pollution
D) Emissions from industrial plants

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Almost all types of cancer can be prevented by eating healthy and getting regular exercise.

A) True
B) False

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Define and describe the following: Malignant and Benign tumour.

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Benign (noncancerous) tumours are made u...

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Which of the following microorganisms has been linked to Hodgkin's?


A) Cold virus
B) Hepatitis
C) Epstein-Barr
D) Streptococci

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Genes which mutate from a normal cell to a cancerous cell are known as:


A) carcinogens.
B) oncogenes.
C) gene mutations.
D) tumours.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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What is the prognosis for someone who is diagnosed with prostate cancer?


A) The survival rate is 95%.
B) Generally, the patient is given less than one year to live.
C) The survival rate is 50%.
D) It depends on which gland the cancer is located in.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Antioxidants prevent _______________ from damaging DNA.

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Head and neck cancers occur _____ as often in men as in women and most frequently in men over 40.


A) Five times
B) Twice
C) Three times
D) Four times

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Cancer of the uterus is called _____ cancer.


A) prostate
B) endometrial
C) estrogen
D) cervical

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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The same bacterium that causes stomach ulcers is linked to stomach cancer.

A) True
B) False

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Foods are a better source of phytochemicals than supplements for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:


A) Isolated phytochemicals may be harmful in high doses.
B) Supplements could be targeted, and ensure all vitamins and minerals are provided.
C) Whole foods can have nutritional benefits not available from supplements.
D) The anticancer effects of phytochemicals may be due to several chemicals from a single food working in combination.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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What type of diagnostic test is prescribed for someone suspected of having breast cancer?


A) A blood test
B) A mammogram
C) An X-ray
D) A CAT Scan

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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________________ is a malignant tumour of the skin that arises from pigmented cells, usually a mole.

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About 20% of cancer deaths are related to general environmental pollution.

A) True
B) False

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