Question 1

A researcher obtains a sequence of a gene of interest, including the ORF, 5' untranslated region, and 3 ' untranslated region. Which portion of the gene sequence encodes the protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   the 5 ' untranslated region and the ORF only
B)   the ORF only
C)   the ORF and 3 ' untranslated region only
D)   the 5 ' and 3 ' untranslated regions only
E)   the ORF, 5 ' untranslated region, and 3 ' untranslated regionF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

Proteomics _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   refers to the analysis of the entire protein content of a cell
B)   refers to the analysis of all the DNA of a species
C)   looks only at plasmids
D)   studies mRNA levels
E)   uses DNA chipsF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

Through a sequence similarity search, a researcher identifies a gene whose predicted protein product has a putative function of a photosynthesis-enhancing enzyme. Which experimental method could be performed to verify this function?

Accepted Answer

A)   PCR
B)   an assay measuring photosynthetic productivity
C)   identification of signature genes
D)   DNA microarray
E)   gene knockoutF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

In the whole-genome shotgun method, the genome is fragmented and individual fragments are sequenced. How is the order of the nucleotides determined for the original intact chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)   The fragmentation is done in a systematic way such that the physical arrangement of fragments is readily apparent.
B)   The random fragmentation produces overlapping sequences that can be aligned and assembled to generate the original intact DNA molecule.
C)   We supplement our information with data from a different technique to determine the final chromosome arrangement.
D)   DNA hybridization assays are conducted to determine the physical arrangement of the genes on the chromosome.
E)   After sequencing, the fragments are labeled and used as probes in a microarray.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Researcher A studies the protein interactions involving the polypeptides that comprise hemoglobin, while Researcher B studies protein interactions between a protein kinase and its target protein. Researcher A will therefore focus on ____, and researcher B will focus on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   protein localization; protein sequence
B)   protein sequence; protein localization
C)   permanent protein interactions; transient protein interactions
D)   transient protein interactions; permanent protein interactions
E)   protein regulation; transcriptional regulationF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

A researcher is interested in creating a phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationship of several cyanobacterial species based on the closeness of their nitrogenase gene sequences. Which field of research most directly applies to the researcher's project?

Accepted Answer

A)   comparative proteomics
B)   comparative genomics
C)   comparative transcriptomics
D)   comparative phylogenetics
E)   comparative phenotypeF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

In the microarray shown in the textbook (p. 414) , the cDNAs were labeled with red and green fluorescent tags. Why do some spots on the microarray emit yellow light?

Accepted Answer

A)   Red and green are two of the primary colors, and if both cDNAs hybridize to the spot, the combination of the two will produce yellow light.
B)   The yellow light comes from the laser, and a yellow spot indicates that neither cDNA hybridized to that spot on the microarray.
C)   The over-expression of one cDNA relative to the other will skew the color pattern of the spot on the microarray, resulting in the yellow color.
D)   The color choice was an arbitrary decision by the artist and doesn't reflect how the process actually works.
E)   Yellow spots are those that contain no DNA probes on the chip.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

What are the main differences between the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics?

Accepted Answer

Genomics is the study of whole genomes a...

Question 9

The study of gene function by observing changes in phenotype is termed _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   phenomics
B)   genomics
C)   mutagenomics
D)   proteomics
E)   transcriptomicsF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing.

Accepted Answer

There are limits to what genome sequenci...

Question 11

Genes that are closely related evolutionarily, have the same function, and are present in the genomes of two or more different organisms are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   genologs
B)   heterologs
C)   Paralogs
D)   Metalogs
E)   orthologsF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Summarize the relationships between the following types of organisms with respect to genome size: viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Viruses have the smallest genomes of the...

Question 13

When the human genome was sequenced, we learned that there are fewer than expected protein-coding genes (approximately 20,000) . Yet, the total number of proteins produced in humans approaches 100,000. What accounts for this discrepancy in numbers?

Accepted Answer

A)   We have not yet identified all of the open reading frames in the human genome.
B)   We have not yet fully sequenced the human genome.
C)   Processing mechanisms for mRNAs allow multiple proteins to be produced from a single DNA sequence.
D)   Some noncoding DNA sequences encode proteins.
E)   There has been a gross over-estimation of the number of proteins produced in humans.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

A researcher obtains the results of his RNA-seq analysis. Several transcripts are listed as being derived from the same gene. How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alternative splicing allows for different transcripts to be created by the same gene sequence.
B)   The researcher's sample was contaminated.
C)   Exon shuffling allows for different transcripts to be created by the same gene sequence.
D)   Intron shuffling allows for different transcripts to be created by the same gene sequence.
E)   It is not possible; there was an error in the alignment process.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Deoxyribonucleotides are included in the Sanger sequencing reaction mix to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   provide a substrate for RNA polymerase
B)   enhance the activity of the dideoxyribonucleotides
C)   allow longer DNA fragments (up to 300 additional base pairs)  to be sequenced
D)   allow the production of multiple DNA fragments of different lengths
E)   prevent the DNA polymerase from making too many errorsF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

The proteome represents _____, while the cellular proteome represents _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   all of the proteins able to be made by all living organisms; the proteins made by unicellular organisms
B)   the set of proteins made by any multicellular organism; the set of proteins made by unicellular organisms
C)   all of the proteins able to be expressed by an organism's genome; the subset of proteins found in a particular cell type
D)   all of the proteins that are common to all living organisms; the proteins found in the same cell types of different species
E)   the subject of proteomics research; the subject of phenomics researchF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Which field of study applies mathematics and computer science to gain information from biological data, such as data related to gene structure and function?

Accepted Answer

A)   computer forensics
B)   statistical biology
C)   bioinformatics
D)   genome sampling
E)   metagenomicsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

The percentage of the human genome sequence that is protein-coding is less than _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   2%
B)   20%
C)   30%
D)   50%
E)   85%F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

During a DNA sequencing experiment, the researcher adds all the required components to the reaction, but accidentally adds only one of the four dideoxynucleotides, the ddC. What products will be observed after this reaction is complete?

Accepted Answer

A)   All fragments will end in A.
B)   All fragments will end in C.
C)   All fragments will end in G.
D)   All fragments will end in T.
E)   No fragments will be made.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: Used to decrease a gene's expression to observe the gene's function.
Replaces a normal gene with a defective one to observe the gene's function.
A method for sequencing 10 million DNA fragments simultaneously.
Uses dideoxynucleotide terminators to determine the sequence of a DNA fragment.
The general strategy for genome sequencing; involves sequencing amplified DNA fragments and then assembling the sequences using computer software.
Used to compare the gene expression patterns of identical cells under different conditions.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Gene knockdown and DNA microarray analysis and is...

Exam 19: Genomes and Proteomes

A researcher obtains the results of his RNA-seq analysis. Several transcripts are listed as being derived from the same gene. How is this possible?

Correct Answer
verified

The percentage of the human genome sequence that is protein-coding is less than _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Which field of study applies mathematics and computer science to gain information from biological data, such as data related to gene structure and function?

Correct Answer
verified

Summarize the relationships between the following types of organisms with respect to genome size: viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

Correct Answer
verified
Viruses have the smallest genomes of the...
View Answer

Researcher A studies the protein interactions involving the polypeptides that comprise hemoglobin, while Researcher B studies protein interactions between a protein kinase and its target protein. Researcher A will therefore focus on , and researcher B will focus on .

Correct Answer
verified

Deoxyribonucleotides are included in the Sanger sequencing reaction mix to _____.

Correct Answer
verified

The study of gene function by observing changes in phenotype is termed _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Match the techniques listed below to the correct application.

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing.

Correct Answer
verified
There are limits to what genome sequenci...
View Answer

Through a sequence similarity search, a researcher identifies a gene whose predicted protein product has a putative function of a photosynthesis-enhancing enzyme. Which experimental method could be performed to verify this function?

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher obtains a sequence of a gene of interest, including the ORF, 5' untranslated region, and 3 ' untranslated region. Which portion of the gene sequence encodes the protein?

Correct Answer
verified

Genes that are closely related evolutionarily, have the same function, and are present in the genomes of two or more different organisms are called _____.

Correct Answer
verified

The proteome represents _, while the cellular proteome represents _.

Correct Answer
verified

When the human genome was sequenced, we learned that there are fewer than expected protein-coding genes (approximately 20,000) . Yet, the total number of proteins produced in humans approaches 100,000. What accounts for this discrepancy in numbers?

Correct Answer
verified

During a DNA sequencing experiment, the researcher adds all the required components to the reaction, but accidentally adds only one of the four dideoxynucleotides, the ddC. What products will be observed after this reaction is complete?

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher is interested in creating a phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationship of several cyanobacterial species based on the closeness of their nitrogenase gene sequences. Which field of research most directly applies to the researcher's project?

Correct Answer
verified

In the whole-genome shotgun method, the genome is fragmented and individual fragments are sequenced. How is the order of the nucleotides determined for the original intact chromosome?

Correct Answer
verified

Proteomics _____.

Correct Answer
verified

What are the main differences between the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics?

Correct Answer
verified
Genomics is the study of whole genomes a...
View Answer

In the microarray shown in the textbook (p. 414) , the cDNAs were labeled with red and green fluorescent tags. Why do some spots on the microarray emit yellow light?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 19: Genomes and Proteomes

A researcher obtains the results of his RNA-seq analysis. Several transcripts are listed as being derived from the same gene. How is this possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The percentage of the human genome sequence that is protein-coding is less than _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which field of study applies mathematics and computer science to gain information from biological data, such as data related to gene structure and function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the relationships between the following types of organisms with respect to genome size: viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

Correct AnswerverifiedViruses have the smallest genomes of the...View AnswerShow Answer

Researcher A studies the protein interactions involving the polypeptides that comprise hemoglobin, while Researcher B studies protein interactions between a protein kinase and its target protein. Researcher A will therefore focus on ____, and researcher B will focus on ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deoxyribonucleotides are included in the Sanger sequencing reaction mix to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study of gene function by observing changes in phenotype is termed _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the techniques listed below to the correct application.

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing.

Correct AnswerverifiedThere are limits to what genome sequenci...View AnswerShow Answer

Through a sequence similarity search, a researcher identifies a gene whose predicted protein product has a putative function of a photosynthesis-enhancing enzyme. Which experimental method could be performed to verify this function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher obtains a sequence of a gene of interest, including the ORF, 5' untranslated region, and 3 ' untranslated region. Which portion of the gene sequence encodes the protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genes that are closely related evolutionarily, have the same function, and are present in the genomes of two or more different organisms are called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The proteome represents _____, while the cellular proteome represents _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the human genome was sequenced, we learned that there are fewer than expected protein-coding genes (approximately 20,000) . Yet, the total number of proteins produced in humans approaches 100,000. What accounts for this discrepancy in numbers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a DNA sequencing experiment, the researcher adds all the required components to the reaction, but accidentally adds only one of the four dideoxynucleotides, the ddC. What products will be observed after this reaction is complete?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is interested in creating a phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationship of several cyanobacterial species based on the closeness of their nitrogenase gene sequences. Which field of research most directly applies to the researcher's project?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the whole-genome shotgun method, the genome is fragmented and individual fragments are sequenced. How is the order of the nucleotides determined for the original intact chromosome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteomics _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the main differences between the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics?

Correct AnswerverifiedGenomics is the study of whole genomes a...View AnswerShow Answer

In the microarray shown in the textbook (p. 414) , the cDNAs were labeled with red and green fluorescent tags. Why do some spots on the microarray emit yellow light?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Viruses have the smallest genomes of the...
View Answer

Researcher A studies the protein interactions involving the polypeptides that comprise hemoglobin, while Researcher B studies protein interactions between a protein kinase and its target protein. Researcher A will therefore focus on , and researcher B will focus on .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
There are limits to what genome sequenci...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The proteome represents _, while the cellular proteome represents _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Genomics is the study of whole genomes a...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified