Question 1

The process by which children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibration. 
B)  adaptation.
C)  alteration.
D)  absorption.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

According to Piaget, which of the following behaviors develops first?

Accepted Answer

A)  deferred imitation
B)  resolution of the A-not-B error 
C)  mental representation of objects
D)  infant "scientific experiments"E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

The capacity of which of the following components of memory increase(s)  with development?

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory only
B)  long-term memory only
C)  sensory memory only
D)  both working memory and long-term memory 
E)  both working memory and sensory memoryF) both long-term memory and sensory memoryG) A) and D)
H) A) and E)

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the structures involved in the three types of memory is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  For long-term memory, the brain areas that are active vary according to the sensory modality involved.
B)  For both sensory memory and working memory, the brain areas that are active vary according to the sensory modality involved 
C)  The brain structures involved in long-term memory and working memory are the same.
D)  Unlike working memory, long-term memory includes an executive system.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about working memory is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adults can hold in working memory and operate on between 1 and 10 items. 
B)  The capacity and speed of working memory remain constant over time.
C)  Working memory can retain information for an unlimited amount of time.
D)  For right-handed people, working memory tends to operate solely in the left hemisphere.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

During which Piagetian stage are conservation concept studies most revealing of children's limitations?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor
B)  preoperational
C)  concrete operational
D)  formal operationalE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Levin and her colleagues' study in which children walked in a circular motion while holding onto a 7-foot metal bar on a pivot demonstrated which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lecturing to children is not an effective strategy to get them to learn difficult concepts.
B)  Some concepts are too abstract for young children to comprehend.
C)  Children can learn concepts beyond what is considered age-appropriate by actively experiencing the concepts. 
D)  Children are not able to conserve length until age 8.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

According to Piaget the accomplishment that characterizes the first few months of life is infants' ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  search for hidden objects.
B)  react to the world with reflexes.
C)  repeat others' actions long after they have occurred.
D)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviors.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. Which of the following explanations for Carmen's mistake is likely the best?

Accepted Answer

A)  The axons in Carmen's brain are not fully myelinated.
B)  Carmen has utilization deficiency.
C)  Carmen's processing speed is too slow.
D)  Carmen has not encoded the location of the bathroom door.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

With which of the following statements about planning would information-processing theories NOT agree?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children as young as 1 year old begin to plan.
B)  Planning often requires inhibiting goal-directed behavior.
C)  The quality of planning tends to stabilize in preadolescence. 
D)  Young children often overestimate their abilities, causing them not to plan.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

According to Piaget, infants of what age begin to show interest in toys, animals, and people beyond their own bodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  newborn
B)  3 months 
C)  6months 
D)  10 months E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Sociocultural theories suggest that teachers
to help their students learn.

Accepted Answer

A)  ensure that children's existing knowledge does not interfere with learning new concepts
B)  make learning a cooperative activity 
C)  provide an environment that can be actively experienced by children
D)  do task analysis to determine children's specific difficultiesE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following statements is an example of guided participation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tessa's grandfather gives her explicit instructions on how to kick a soccer ball with the side of her foot.
B)  Mark's teacher asks a few of his classmates if Mark can play on the playground with them.
C)  Jason's mother holds the screwdriver in the screw so that he can turn it without it falling out. 
D)  Jabar's mother holds his block tower steady so that he can place a final block on top.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

In which way are dynamic systems theories similar to sociocultural theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  an emphasis on early emerging competencies
B)  an emphasis on the formative influence of other people 
C)  an emphasis on precise analyses of problem-solving activity
D)  an emphasis on children's innate motivation to explore the environmentE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

There are only two cookies left in the cookie jar. One of the cookies is broken into two pieces. Janet, age 4, begins to cry when her brother Justin gets the broken cookie. According to Piagetian theory, what is the most likely cause of Janet's distress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Janet cannot assimilate.
B)  Janet does not understand the conservation concept.
C)  Broken cookies taste better.
D)  Janet wanted both cookies.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Centration refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  perceiving the world solely from one's own point of view.
B)  using one object to stand for another.
C)  focusing on a single salient feature of an object to the exclusion of other features. 
D)  having difficulty taking other people's perspectives.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Michael turns a blanket into a cape. His teddy bear becomes his trusted sidekick. The oversized refrigerator box is Michael's spaceship. According to Piaget, what characteristic is Michael displaying?

Accepted Answer

A)  object permanence
B)  conservation
C)  symbolic representation 
D)  deferred imitationE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Guided participation refers to the process by which more knowledgeable people:

Accepted Answer

A)  organize situations in ways that allow less knowledgeable people to succeed at a level beyond their current abilities. 
B)  allow less knowledgeable people to attempt things on their own while being observed by the more knowledgeable people.
C)  essentially complete a task for less knowledgeable people while making them believe that they are participating.
D)  defer to the intuition of less knowledgeable people to guide the more knowledgeable people.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Core-knowledge theorists would be MOST likely to believe that there is a specialized learning mechanism for:

Accepted Answer

A)  driving a car.
B)  understanding gravity. 
C)  computer use.
D)  interior decorating.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Sensory memory refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  information retained about how one feels about a particular event or individual.
B)  the workspace in which information from the environment and relevant knowledge are brought together.
C)  sights and sounds that are just entering the cognitive system and that are briefly held in raw form. 
D)  information retained on an enduring basis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

Guided participation refers to the process by which more knowledgeable people:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are only two cookies left in the cookie jar. One of the cookies is broken into two pieces. Janet, age 4, begins to cry when her brother Justin gets the broken cookie. According to Piagetian theory, what is the most likely cause of Janet's distress?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the structures involved in the three types of memory is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With which of the following statements about planning would information-processing theories NOT agree?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Centration refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about working memory is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sensory memory refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Piaget the accomplishment that characterizes the first few months of life is infants' ability to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process by which children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding is referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. Which of the following explanations for Carmen's mistake is likely the best?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The capacity of which of the following components of memory increase(s) with development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Michael turns a blanket into a cape. His teddy bear becomes his trusted sidekick. The oversized refrigerator box is Michael's spaceship. According to Piaget, what characteristic is Michael displaying?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Piaget, which of the following behaviors develops first?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Levin and her colleagues' study in which children walked in a circular motion while holding onto a 7-foot metal bar on a pivot demonstrated which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Core-knowledge theorists would be MOST likely to believe that there is a specialized learning mechanism for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is an example of guided participation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which way are dynamic systems theories similar to sociocultural theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During which Piagetian stage are conservation concept studies most revealing of children's limitations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sociocultural theories suggest that teachers to help their students learn.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Piaget, infants of what age begin to show interest in toys, animals, and people beyond their own bodies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified