Question 1

The first "way station" in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the .

Accepted Answer

A)   lateral geniculate body of the thalamus
B)   temporal lobe
C)   visual cortex
D)   superior colliculiE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Sour taste receptors are stimulated by hydrogen ions of acidic food substances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the external ear?

Accepted Answer

A)   external acoustic meatus
B)   pinna
C)   tympanic membrane
D)   pharyngotympanic tubeE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are)  the _ _.

Accepted Answer

A)   scala media
B)   otoliths
C)   spiral organ (of Corti) 
D)   cupulaE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

The elasticity of the lens decreases with age. This leads to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   less accommodation of the lenses and difficulty focusing on nearby objects
B)   lowered accommodation of the pupillary reflex and blurry vision
C)   less light getting to the retina and diminished visual acuity
D)   a clouding of the lenses known as a cataractE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye .

Accepted Answer

A)   go to the superior colliculus only
B)   divide at the chiasma, with some crossing and some not crossing
C)   pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma
D)   cross over to the opposite side at the chiasmaE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following could NOT be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope?

Accepted Answer

A)   fovea centralis
B)   optic disc
C)   macula lutea
D)   optic chiasmaE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Hair cells in the spiral organ of the ear are never replaced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors. Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Taste receptors that are active at the same time influence the subtlety of what we smell.
B)   The sensation of a single, distinct smell is a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory receptor cells all at once.
C)   The belief that we can smell so many different distinct odors is a psychological process referred to as an uncinate fit or olfactory hallucination.
D)   The olfactory pathway travels to location in the brain in which memories are formed and we simply mix this new sensory information with old memories.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following describes a response of the eye to sympathetic stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   pupil dilation
B)   ciliary muscle relaxation
C)   pupil constriction
D)   ciliary muscle contractionE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The cells of the retina in which action potentials are generated are the .

Accepted Answer

A)   amacrine cells
B)   rods and cones
C)   ganglion cells
D)   bipolar cellsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

The blind spot of the eye is caused by _ .

Accepted Answer

A)   an absence of photoreceptors where the optic nerve leaves the eye
B)   an absence of cones in the foveae
C)   more rods than cones within the retina
D)   the macula lutea interrupts the nerve pathwayE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Describe the process of light and dark adaptation and include the role of the rods and cones.

Accepted Answer

Rods respond to low-intensity light that...

Question 14

Ciliary muscles are considered voluntary, skeletal muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Sound is generally perceived in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Theoretically, an individual born without a middle ear would be able to hear by bone conduction with a hearing aid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is a modiolus?

Accepted Answer

A)   bone around the cochlea
B)   a bony area around the junction of the facial, vestibular, and cochlear nerves
C)   bone in the center of a semicircular canal
D)   a bone pillar in the center of the cochleaE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Humans can see several thousand shades of color but have cone photoreceptors that are sensitive to only three (perhaps four)  wavelengths of light. What is the best explanation for why we see so many colors?

Accepted Answer

A)   Color perception is dependent on the millions of rods as well as cone photoreceptors.
B)   Shades of color are purely psychological and learned by association with age, infants only seeing in black and white.
C)   Colors are added and enhanced in the primary visual cortex of the brain.
D)   Color perception is achieved by activation of various combinations between the three cone types.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Fusing of the ossicles (otosclerosis)  results in .

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorineural deafness
B)   conduction deafness
C)   Ménière's Syndrome
D)   tinnitusE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

A patient has a loss of hearing in only one ear. Which of the following is likely to be a result?

Accepted Answer

A)   The patient will have increased sensitivity to sound in the unaffected ear.
B)   The patient will not be able to localize the origin of sounds.
C)   The patient will not be able to track objects with the eye on the same side as the hearing loss.
D)   The patient will have a loss of balance with dizziness and vertigo.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 15: The Special Senses

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the external ear?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the process of light and dark adaptation and include the role of the rods and cones.

Correct AnswerverifiedRods respond to low-intensity light that...View AnswerShow Answer

Ciliary muscles are considered voluntary, skeletal muscle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The elasticity of the lens decreases with age. This leads to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following could NOT be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has a loss of hearing in only one ear. Which of the following is likely to be a result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fusing of the ossicles (otosclerosis) results in .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans can see several thousand shades of color but have cone photoreceptors that are sensitive to only three (perhaps four) wavelengths of light. What is the best explanation for why we see so many colors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are) the _ _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors. Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Theoretically, an individual born without a middle ear would be able to hear by bone conduction with a hearing aid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes a response of the eye to sympathetic stimulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sour taste receptors are stimulated by hydrogen ions of acidic food substances.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a modiolus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sound is generally perceived in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The blind spot of the eye is caused by _ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cells of the retina in which action potentials are generated are the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first "way station" in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hair cells in the spiral organ of the ear are never replaced.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Rods respond to low-intensity light that...
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