Question 1

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

Accepted Answer

A)   uses virus hosts, uses a labeled probe, AND is useful in microbial ecology.
B)   uses a labeled probe, allows identification of particular bacterial groups in mixed samples, AND uses virus hosts.
C)   is useful in microbial ecology, allows identification of particular bacterial groups in mixed samples AND depends on electron microscopy.
D)   uses a labeled probe, is useful in microbial ecology, AND allows identification of particular bacterial groups in mixed samples.
E)   is useful in microbial ecology, allows identification of particular bacterial groups in mixed samples AND uses virus hosts.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

A dye often used for its ease and sensitivity to visualize nucleic acid after agarose gel electrophoresis is

Accepted Answer

A)   nigrosin.
B)   malachite green.
C)   gold oxide.
D)   ethidium bromide.
E)   crystal violet.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

Identify the correct sequence in which the steps below occur during a single PCR cycle.
1)  Complementary base pairing between primers and target DNA.
2)  Addition of DNA nucleotides by Taq DNA polymerase.
3)  Heat separation of strands of target DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)   3; 1; 2
B)   1; 2; 3
C)   1; 3; 2
D)   2; 3; 1
E)   2; 1; 3F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

When a vector that uses the lacZ gene as a second marker is used in a cloning experiment, bacteria that contain the recombinant DNA will give rise to

Accepted Answer

A)   red colonies.
B)   white colonies.
C)   blue colonies.
D)   cream colonies.
E)   All of the answer choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

In a FISH experiment, what would happen if unbound probe was not washed off?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nothing-it's not necessary to wash off the unbound probe and doing so just adds an extra step to the procedure.
B)   You would get false-positive results in different areas where the probe hadn't actually bound, but it was still sitting there and lighting up.
C)   Your FISH would be floating at the top of the tank due to the toxicity of the probe building up within them.
D)   Nothing-the target nucleotide sequences are labeled, not the probe. Therefore, excess unbound probe wouldn't matter for the experiment.
E)   You would get an intermediate color on the array because of the presence of both bound and unbound probes that fluoresce at different temperatures.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

The DNA polymerase used in PCR comes from the bacterium thermophile Thermus aquaticus, and is called Taq polymerase. Why is this enzyme used, and not a DNA polymerase from an organism such as E. coli?

Accepted Answer

A)   The DNA synthesis step of the PCR cycle occurs at 95oC; Taq polymerase is from a bacterium that grows in high temperatures and can function at this temperature, while DNA polymerase from a mesophile such as E. coli would be denatured at this temperature.
B)   The DNA synthesis step of the PCR cycle occurs at 72oC; Taq polymerase can function at this temperature, while DNA polymerase from a mesophile such as E. coli requires significantly higher temperatures in order to function correctly.
C)   E. coli is an RNA organism and therefore depends on RNA polymerase for its replication cycle; it is not possible to obtain DNA polymerase from this bacterium.
D)   The DNA synthesis step of the PCR cycle occurs at 72oC; Taq polymerase is from a bacterium that grows in high temperatures and can function at this temperature, while DNA polymerase from a mesophile such as E. coli would be denatured at this temperature.
E)   DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus is a very active enzyme. It is able to synthesize DNA at a faster rate than any other known DNA polymerase which is important because the key to successful PCR is a speedy reaction.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

The energy to separate fragments during agarose gel electrophoresis is supplied by

Accepted Answer

A)   gravity.
B)   electricity.
C)   active transport.
D)   agarosis.
E)   buffers.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

A common way to identify the E. coli that carries the desired recombinant DNA is by using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   vector.
B)   probe.
C)   host.
D)   plasmid.
E)   antibiotic.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Dideoxynucleotides

Accepted Answer

A)   are useful in nucleic acid sequencing AND have two additional hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' carbons.
B)   are useful in nucleic acid sequencing AND act as chain terminators.
C)   act as chain initiators AND have two additional hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' carbons.
D)   act as chain initiators AND are useful in nucleic acid sequencing.
E)   are useful in generating proteins AND act as chain terminators.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 10

A DNA microarray contains oligonucleotides that contain a label.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Most eukaryotic genes are cloned directly into the vector for expression in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

FISH uses labeled probes to detect specific whole cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true about an ideal vector?

Accepted Answer

A)   A vector may be a plasmid or bacteriophage.
B)   A vector has a restriction enzyme recognition site.
C)   A vector contains an RNA primer.
D)   A vector contains an origin of replication.
E)   A vector contains a selectable marker.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

The polymerase chain reaction is used to

Accepted Answer

A)   amplify mRNA.
B)   amplify certain sections of DNA.
C)   produce proteins.
D)   produce long polymers of carbohydrates to be used in electrophoresis.
E)   produce long polymers of amino acids to be used in electrophoresis.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

HPV is a non-enveloped, double stranded DNA virus. What are the components of this virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA and protein
B)   RNA and protein
C)   DNA, RNA, and protein
D)   DNA, protein, and phospholipids
E)   RNA, protein, and phospholipidsF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

A danger in using E. coli in cloning is that

Accepted Answer

A)   E. coli could cause disease.
B)   the outer membrane is toxic to humans.
C)   the human cells may reject the insertion.
D)   the exons may invert the introns.
E)   working with E. coli requires a BSL3 laboratory.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

Selecting for transformants involves

Accepted Answer

A)   identifying organisms that have taken up recombinant DNA.
B)   identifying organisms that have taken up recombinant RNA.
C)   identifying organisms that are producing proteins.
D)   identifying organisms that are producing DNA.
E)   identifying organisms that are producing antibiotics.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Common vectors used for cloning genes are

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteria.
B)   viruses.
C)   nucleotides.
D)   plasmids.
E)   viruses AND plasmids.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

A very common vector is a plasmid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

PCR is useful for amplifying a particular section of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 9: Biotechnology

Which of the following is NOT true about an ideal vector?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the correct sequence in which the steps below occur during a single PCR cycle. 1) Complementary base pairing between primers and target DNA. 2) Addition of DNA nucleotides by Taq DNA polymerase. 3) Heat separation of strands of target DNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most eukaryotic genes are cloned directly into the vector for expression in prokaryotes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A DNA microarray contains oligonucleotides that contain a label.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Common vectors used for cloning genes are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common way to identify the E. coli that carries the desired recombinant DNA is by using a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Selecting for transformants involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The energy to separate fragments during agarose gel electrophoresis is supplied by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

FISH uses labeled probes to detect specific whole cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The polymerase chain reaction is used to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dideoxynucleotides

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A dye often used for its ease and sensitivity to visualize nucleic acid after agarose gel electrophoresis is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A very common vector is a plasmid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a vector that uses the lacZ gene as a second marker is used in a cloning experiment, bacteria that contain the recombinant DNA will give rise to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The DNA polymerase used in PCR comes from the bacterium thermophile Thermus aquaticus, and is called Taq polymerase. Why is this enzyme used, and not a DNA polymerase from an organism such as E. coli?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

PCR is useful for amplifying a particular section of DNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

HPV is a non-enveloped, double stranded DNA virus. What are the components of this virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a FISH experiment, what would happen if unbound probe was not washed off?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A danger in using E. coli in cloning is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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