Question 1

Compared to in childhood, most adolescents have _____ self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher
B)   lower
C)   fluctuating
D)   inflatedE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

What do most researchers believe regarding the concept of a midlife crisis?

Accepted Answer

A)   The idea of the midlife crisis has been exaggerated.
B)   A midlife crisis lasts approximately 5 years.
C)   Midlife crises are much more serious than Levinson thought.
D)   A midlife crisis only happens to men, not women.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

According to Marcia, adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis and whose commitment levels are either absent or only vaguely defined are in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)   diffusion.
B)   foreclosure.
C)   achievement.
D)   moratorium.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Leslie recalls her painful divorce. At the time, she felt like a failure but now realizes that many aspects of her life improved as a result of this challenge. This process is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   the fluctuating self.
B)   the ideal self.
C)   possible selves.
D)   life review.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Ted is very good at understanding his friends' needs and thoughts. He is adept at

Accepted Answer

A)   social comparison.
B)   self-consciousness.
C)   perspective taking.
D)   self-understanding.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Middle-aged Jeff regrets his earlier over-focus on work and felt sorry that he didn't do anything for his children. According to Erikson, Jeff is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)   doubt.
B)   shame.
C)   despair.
D)   stagnation.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

What is characteristic of the transition that occurs in the novice phase in Levinson's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   social relationship development
B)   development of a dream, and the free experimentation and testing of this dream in the real world
C)   determining realistic goals
D)   removing all the dreams one had when one was youngE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

The ability to control one's behavior without help from others is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   perspective taking.
B)   self-regulation.
C)   self-esteem.
D)   self-awareness.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Explain Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development.

Accepted Answer

The fifth stage of Erikson's theory is i...

Question 10

At what age do infants, relying on others for signals about acceptable behavior, begin to show compliance to caregivers' demands?

Accepted Answer

A)   1-6 months
B)   6-12 months
C)   12-18 months
D)   18-24 monthsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following BEST summarizes the overall results of the metaanalysis of 92 longitudinal studies on personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Personality changes in a positive direction across the adult years.
B)   Personality is more stable after midlife than during early adulthood.
C)   The developmental path of personality change over time supports a cumulative personality model.
D)   All of these answers are correct.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Scott realizes that his memory is not what it used to be. He carries a small notebook with him to write down important information that he will need to recall later. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   compensation.
B)   accommodation.
C)   a contradiction within the self.
D)   optimization.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Describe two ways that an adolescent's self-understanding differs from that of a child.

Accepted Answer

1. Adolescents are more likely to use ab...

Question 14

Describe the selective optimization with compensation theory.

Accepted Answer

It proposes that successful aging is lin...

Question 15

Of the following, self-esteem is correlated most strongly with

Accepted Answer

A)   athletic competence.
B)   behavioral conduct.
C)   scholastic competence.
D)   physical appearance.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

In most age periods, self-esteem is higher in _____ than in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   males; females
B)   females; males
C)   adolescence; middle childhood
D)   adolescence; middle adulthoodE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following might interfere with the development of self-regulation in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)   advances in cognitive skills
B)   greater independence
C)   an increased ability to delay immediate gratification
D)   feelings of invincibility and social comparisonE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

How has recent research helped to reshape the dominant Piaget view of infants' and young children's understanding of others?

Accepted Answer

A)   "It has shown that they are not as egocentric and are more socially perceptive than Piaget thought.
B)   It has shown that children have less of a sense of self and others than Piaget gave them credit for.
C)   It suggests that children have less of a grasp of social states than Piaget thought.
D)   It has shown that children's understanding of internal states cannot be improved through direct communication about them.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 19

According to Cooper, self-assertion and separateness are two dimensions of

Accepted Answer

A)   mutuality.
B)   permeability.
C)   individuality.
D)   connectedness.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 20

The author of the Mills College longitudinal study suggests that women in their 40s tend to experience a midlife _____ instead of a midlife ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   crisis; consensus
B)   crisis; conscientiousness
C)   consciousness; crisis
D)   consciousness; consensusE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Exam 11: The Self, Identity, and Personality

Compared to in childhood, most adolescents have _____ self-esteem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How has recent research helped to reshape the dominant Piaget view of infants' and young children's understanding of others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At what age do infants, relying on others for signals about acceptable behavior, begin to show compliance to caregivers' demands?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following might interfere with the development of self-regulation in adolescence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ted is very good at understanding his friends' needs and thoughts. He is adept at

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following BEST summarizes the overall results of the metaanalysis of 92 longitudinal studies on personality development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is characteristic of the transition that occurs in the novice phase in Levinson's theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Cooper, self-assertion and separateness are two dimensions of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Leslie recalls her painful divorce. At the time, she felt like a failure but now realizes that many aspects of her life improved as a result of this challenge. This process is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do most researchers believe regarding the concept of a midlife crisis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Middle-aged Jeff regrets his earlier over-focus on work and felt sorry that he didn't do anything for his children. According to Erikson, Jeff is experiencing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following, self-esteem is correlated most strongly with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to control one's behavior without help from others is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The author of the Mills College longitudinal study suggests that women in their 40s tend to experience a midlife _____ instead of a midlife ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the selective optimization with compensation theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedIt proposes that successful aging is lin...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe two ways that an adolescent's self-understanding differs from that of a child.

Correct Answerverified1. Adolescents are more likely to use ab...View AnswerShow Answer

Scott realizes that his memory is not what it used to be. He carries a small notebook with him to write down important information that he will need to recall later. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Marcia, adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis and whose commitment levels are either absent or only vaguely defined are in a state of identity

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In most age periods, self-esteem is higher in _____ than in _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe fifth stage of Erikson's theory is i...View AnswerShow Answer

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The author of the Mills College longitudinal study suggests that women in their 40s tend to experience a midlife _ instead of a midlife .

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Correct Answer
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It proposes that successful aging is lin...
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Correct Answer
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1. Adolescents are more likely to use ab...
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In most age periods, self-esteem is higher in _ than in ___.

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The fifth stage of Erikson's theory is i...
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