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Exam 23: The Respiratory System

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Question 1

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List the cells found in, or associated with, the wall of an alveolus, stating the function of each one.

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1. Two types of epithelial cells make up the wall: a) Type I alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelium) form a continuous lining which is the site of gas exchange. b) Type II alveolar cells (septal cells) resemble cuboidal epithelium and secrete alveolar fluid containing surfactant, which helps prevent the collapse of alveoli during exhalation. 2. Alveolar macrophages (dust cells) are wandering macrophages that remove fine particles of dust. 3. Fibroblasts produce reticular and elastic fibers (for recoil of lung tissue).

Question 2

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Compared to the left lung, the right lung

A) is broader.
B) is shorter.
C) has one more lobe.
D) all of these choices

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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The principal muscles of inhalation (inspiration) are the _____ and _____.

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) involves the physical movement of air between the alveoli and atmospheric air.

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

The trachea is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

The cardiac notch is a feature located on the medial aspect of the left lung.

As a molecule of oxygen passes from alveolar air into the blood it passes through the layers of the respiratory membrane in what order? 1) epithelial basement membrane 2) capillary basement membrane 3) alveolar epithelial wall 4) capillary endothelial wall

Peripheral chemoreceptors located in the _____________________ and __________________ send signals to respiratory center to control breathing.

The pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) and the auditory (eustachian) tubes are located in the oropharynx.

The vocal folds (true vocal cords) of adult females are usually thinner and vibrate more rapidly than those of adult males.

Normal exhalation (expiration) is due to

Type II alveolar (septal) cells secrete _____, which reduces the tendency of the alveoli to collapse.

The paired laryngeal cartilages that, along with intrinsic pharyngeal muscles, move the vocal folds (true vocal cords) in speech production are the _____ cartilages.

The horizontal fissure is superior to the middle lobe of the right lung.

The epiglottis cartilage is attached to the vocal folds (true vocal cords).

Cilia in the lower respiratory tract beat so as to move mucus and trapped dust in a superior direction.

__________ branch off the aorta and bring oxygen rich blood to the lungs.

Sympathetic stimulation results in constriction of bronchioles.

The serous membrane surrounding the lung and in direct contact with the lung is referred to as the _____________________.